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How SEO is breaking the web (and killing Google)

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The web is in trouble. Big trouble. It’s not the first time. It was also in trouble in the mid ’90s. But then Google saved it, ushering in a new era of search. People forget how impossible good content was to find in those days. Critics routinely lambasted the web for the rubbish on it.

Those were the days of Altavista, Hotbot, Lycos and a host of search engines that would regularly return results of dodgy, random websites. It’s not that there wasn’t good content on the web, it’s just that we couldn’t find it very easily.

Google, with its lauded PageRank algorithm, was able to mine the beautiful diamonds in a very rough rough, mercifully elevating them to front pages of search results. Suddenly, when we searched, we found the good stuff. The bad stuff didn’t disappear, it was relegated to its justified position in the content hierarchy: Obscurity. It’s why Google suddenly emerged as the undisputed king of search and, all around it, rivals crumbled.

But now, it’s back to the future. Once again, the web is threatened. And there is doubt about whether this time a knight in shining armour like the Google of the 90s will be able to fix it. It seems an impossible problem to solve.

Companies like Facebook and Apple would have you think the solution lies in their closed walled-garden platforms where quality is policed and options are limited. These are controlled, rigid and templated worlds – or “velvet prisons” as Newsweek columnist Jacob Weisberg eloquently puts it.

So what’s changed? Well for one, the internet has exploded. There are more people using the internet than ever before. Close to two-billion people are online, which on a global scale, means about 30% penetration amongst a world population that is approaching seven billion.

Humans are now producing and distributing more online content than ever before. In the days of the early web this was given expression via bulletin boards, then forums, and then broadly the so-called “Web 2.0” movement. Now it’s called social media. It’s democratised content, given voice to the voiceless, and it’s smashing traditional power and information structures. This is a good thing. It’s good for diversity.

But we’ve also discovered that, in the words of former Lead Digg Architect Joe Stump at a recent Johannesburg tech conference, “humans like to produce a lot of crap”. There is a dystopian fact of life here — people, not trained, versed or sensitised in the skill of content production are producing content at an alarming rate with scant respect or understanding of the craft.

The content game is wide-open. It’s no longer monopolised by professional writers and journalists, and yes, it should never be again. But with this, an uncomfortable, nagging truth has emerged: People who don’t really have content’s best interests at heart are producing content at a furious rate.

This doesn’t bother respected media commentator Clay Shirky who puts this into the “Let it happen” category. Much of the nonsense is innocuous, and some of it serves important sub-cultural functions beyond the actual form of that content. LoLCats is an important meme and phenomenon, regardless of what the elite may think of it.

So, let it happen then. Why be a control freak about it? Why take an elite view? We are not censors. But there is a problem: When content like this clogs search engines, suffocates search results and gets in the way of the good stuff.

Google appears to be losing the battle. For years its sharp engineers seemed to stay ahead of the spammers, the gamers and the so-called black-hat search engine optimisers who were bent on manipulating search engine rankings.

But Google can’t win because it is outnumbered: It’s the web versus Google. No matter how ingenious its engineers or how complex its Pagerank algorithms, people seem to be cracking the search engine. And it’s not Google’s fault. It’s the result of a practice called Search Engine Optimisation (SEO).

SEO is killing the web. SEO is pushing search result quality down and artificially inflating junk. It’s breaking the web. In an age where every person and every company is effectively a media company, quality is being overrun by quantity. Many SEO practitioners seem to care less about the quality of their service or content than their Google rank.

Some companies tack search engine-friendly WordPress blogs to their main sites for no reason other than to elevate their rankings in search results. These WordPress sites are then shovelled full of content with the primary aim of getting into search engines and getting the user to their site to purchase. Educating and informing the user is a secondary aim, or at worst not a consideration.

SEO should be 20% of a site’s effort. The other 80% of search engine attraction should be driven by quality and relevance of content or a service.

And here is the crux of the problem: Content is not the end-in-itself, but becomes a means-to-an-end. It’s not content meant to give you — the user, viewer, consumer — independent advice produced with care, balance and objectivity. Its primary reason is for SEO.

There will be those who argue that there is no reason why they can’t do both. I argue they can’t. They are compromised. Quality content is always an end in itself. If it’s a means to an end – it has another agenda. It’s not content I want to read. In the end, these sites risk merely becoming nothing more than content farms.

Maybe this is why closed, quality search niches like Google News and Google Scholar were created? Maybe this is the real future of Google, the real future of search, the real future of the web? If this is the case, we’ve come full circle as a civilisation. We’ve said goodbye to the anarchic, chaotic experiment that was the web and hello to controlled, monitored platforms.


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  • http://www.facebook.com/charles.ash Charles Ash

    Thanks Matthew, interesting article. I agree, SEO is a very difficult game to beat with algorithms as the algorithms will never be able to discern natural links from manufactured, mass-produced, heavily veiled links originating from link wheels and other slick SEO techniques used to game the system.

    Even Facebook’s “Like” button can be gamed and I’m doubtful that it’s going to be possible to come out with an algorithm that is “ungameable”. Too much is at stake in getting a top ranking in Google for people not to spend their days dreaming up ways to game the system for their benefit.

    Really enjoyed your article.

  • Rory

    Bit of cry wolf I think … the SEO content you speak of is created by a tiny percentage of “crap hatters” on the web for a small percentage of products that a user may want to research. Take insurance for example, one of the biggest “culprits” . Not many users want to read a good story about insurance, they just want the pertinent facts and to get a quote or call-back for a cheap insurance quote. (Can I place a back link here :-) ?)

    A more mundane search like say “how to grow organic potatoes”, still gives me the good stuff (and a use for worn tyres). Long tail search continues to deliver great results.

  • http://stii.co.za stii

    I fully agree. The problem is that there aren’t many way to reach people online. This made it necessary to SEO your site, else you will have to fork out plenty of money to advertise or (god forbids) SPAM people to get them to buy your products.

    I do however fully agree that we’ll go full circle. Technology has that tendencies to go in circles, evolving slightly with each revolution. Have a look at Dribbble and Forrst.com. Niche social networks focussing ONLY on their purpose which is design or development.

    The other day on Forrst a guy wrote a post just saying how cool Forrst is and was lambasted for doing so. My immediate reaction was, “hell, these people are pedantic”, but soon realised that what makes Forrst such an awesome resource is the fact that they do not allow members to stray off topic.

    That is probably the way we going to go forward in near future. Walled gardens. Everyone hates them, but we cannot live without them.

  • http://twitter.com/garymeyerza Gary Meyer

    Sorry Matthew, I don’t agree at all.

    “SEO is pushing search result quality down and artificially inflating junk.” What???

    Google is as good as it’s ever been at giving objective responses to search queries. Where you’re absolutely correct though is that Google will spew out SEO’d crap when we ask it for a subjective response to our queries. Kind of stupid, since Google is necessarily designed supply objective information.

    “Which TV should I buy?” Vs. “What are the Specs of XYZ TV?”

    These are two very different questions which require different approaches to answer. A subjective question requires a subjective system to answer it. (Something that Social networks seem to be tackling quite well)

    Saying that Google, and by extension “The Internet”, is broken is both naive and unfair.

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  • Foxinni

    More often than not google gives bogus results. Giving you second best results time after time and never admitting it.

    Small variations in the search terms give you nothing but the top results from a certain domain. Meaning that site has been SEO’ing itself to death to give results, even if the content is accurate to your search.

    I wish there was other ways to search the web, but for now the Google machine will have to do.

  • http://twitter.com/paullombard paullombard

    Good post Matthew, but “How SEO is breaking the web…” ?

    Isn’t that a bit dramatic? Maybe you could have titled it “How SPAM is breaking the web”. SEO isn’t necessarily manipulative. I hope people don’t get the wrong impression of SEO and SEOs. Plus, the web has vastly improved over the past decade, even with the content explosion.

    Anyway, the problem isn’t with the content creation volumes itself. People can go ahead and create all the crap they want – they can do it untill they’re blue in the face – after all, SPAMMERS have been creating millions of indexed pages, for years – the problem is with the gaming of the ‘voting’ (i.e. linking) system.

    Or, in other words the problem is with the ability of the rubbish to be forced into the top ten results.

    Like another commenter said, the social graph could be a (part) solution to this, but again, this is gameable if you have the skills. Another solution is a vastly improved alogrithm, which computes users’ activity, and the semantic meaning of each page on the net… but that’s some way off.

    The fact is, only a small number of people have the skills to effectively bubble their stuff to the top and they don’t necessarily bubble their spam to the top. They use SPAM to get their money sites (which are as usefull as any other commercial site – regardless of method) to the top.

    The speed of the Net’s growth, in terms of search quality, is due to this on-going battle between Spammers (note: not SEOs) and Google egineers. No-one is ever going to ‘win’ – but it results in a better web. God forbid the idea of ‘Walled Gardens’, where $$$ becomes the only way to be visible – I think that’s going backwards…

  • http://www.imod.co.za Chris M

    (Didn’t bother reading the article, because I’ve heard it all before and can guess what it’s about)

    My response: Lol, ya, cos I’m sure Google isn’t aware of any of this. What does Google know about Search in any case? They obviously hire guys who didn’t get past algebra basics to write their algorithms hey?

    Sing me another song.

    (only thing this post is good for is baiting, clearly ;) )

  • http://www.skillsportal.co.za Alan Hammond

    I don’t agree that the web is broken, or that Google is losing the battle. The majority of the time when I use Google I find what I am looking for quickly. I do come across some spammy junk from time to time but it usually obvious and I ignore it.
    I know you’ve never been in favour of SEO (like Jarred Cinman) but I think its a great leveller. You no longer need a huge marketing budget to do well in search results. Do some basic SEO on your website and have relevant content. Yes if you are in travel its a problem. And maybe its a bigger problem in other countries, but in SA I think it lets smaller companies and publishers get exposure
    The issue about content objectivity is more difficult. I agree with you that there’s a sense in which content should be an end in itself. (I guess here we are talking about journalistic or entertainment content). The problem is that its become much harded to find, anywhere. I see newspapers filled with lots of arbitary filling, and then some key pieces which aren’t from their employed journalists. Either they are ‘PR’ type submissions or opinion pieces. They obviously all have the agenda of the PR company or the person writing them. Which is fine except that it turns out that they are often all that I’m interested in.
    I also disagree with Google is losing the battle. Yes its Google against the web but Google are the gatekeepers. If you don’t get through their funnel you don’t get out there!
    We mustn’t forget about the impact of personalised search, which Google now uses even when you aren’t logged in to Google. If you’ve been to a website before it bumps SERP results from that website up. There must be lots more that it does under the hood that we can’t see. In that way it learns what you like and tailors your results. If a new spammy site is launched its penalised in your personalised results because you’ve never been there before.
    And finally, if a small publisher can post an article on Monday morning and get more than 2000 views, 150 retweets and 50 Facebook ‘likes’ with a few hours, I don’t believe that the web is broken! Maybe its gone social, but it ain’t broken!

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  • http://stii.co.za stii

    You’re missing the point about ‘Walled Gardens’. It is not about content, but it is about information. If it adds value, I’d pay for it :)

  • Icephixia2000

    funny how this articles uses the exact principle its complaining about to rank on the web

  • http://chriscalitz.com/ ChrisCalitz

    SEO is breaking the Web? I have to say I clearly think the practise is misunderstood by some. SEO can be done spammy but so can email marketing but still there are also legitimate email newsletters which I subscribe to because they are informative and serve a purpose other than spamming me.

    I strongly believe SEO has actually improved the quality of the results you get. If it had not been for the fact that SEO’s cleaned up website and made them more crawler friendly you would have still needed to sift through piles of irrelevant content because the sites with the good content would not all have ended up in the index.

    Yes SEO has been abused by some but it has also enabled Google to improve it’s results drastically. I have to say I agree with @Gary subjective queries still return bad content but that is because the Google Pagerank model cannot gauge sentiment. It’s not because SEO’s have create so much spam that Google can’t find the correct content. Sentiment is the next step in search quality but I think we are still far from a solution here.

    Lastly I really have found Google’s results to be quite accurate and much more now than it use to be. I think the facts in this post lack a bit but it definitely provoked a response which was probably the purpose.

  • Will

    I think you need to take a step back and rethink this one. The Internet was doing perfectly well before Google came along, considering that there was only a fraction of the content online in comparison to what there is now. Google have made a concerted effort to become a singularity in the search space and that is a real danger in itself, but it’s not Google or SEO who are putting the Internet in danger. I would much rather point a finger at the social media hypsters and the millions of “new media” bloggers who are flooding the Internet with their diluted, and constantly regurgitated marketing double speak at the expense of real content.

  • http://www.weaddict.co.za Rafiq Phillips

    I second the baiting.

  • http://www.facebook.com/rrcatto Richard Catto

    Truly moronic conclusion. That you can even think that Google can’t win because it’s web against Google, that the sheer volume of bad content will overwhelm and drown out Google’s ability to zero in on good content shows that you don’t grasp the problem nor understand how Computer Science works nor even how Google works.

    Google continuously updates their PageRank system. So far so good. When Google begins failing, then you can write this article. Until then, acknowledge that Google is smarter than you.

    This isn’t journalism (worth being read). This is you reaching the boundaries of your ability to fathom a technical topic and showing how little you comprehend it.

    Congratulations too to all the idiots tweeting about this dumb article. Your idiocy surpasses that of Buckland.

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  • http://www.roimedia.co.za Germe

    If it wasn’t for seo the web would be a huge pile of junk.saying that Google can’t win this ‘battle’ is totally absurd.I do agree that content should not be created for contents sake but well written, fresh content (even if there are a few kws in there) is extremely necessary for the future existence of the web.Content needs Google and Google needs content.Some seo’s do abuse this notion though

  • http://twitter.com/onreact_com Tad Chef

    Shut down the NYT, the Chicago Tribune, the BBC all the other SEO spammers! They are killing the Web. Are you serious? Every website on the Web does SEO, especially the big guys. It’s like saying web hosting or web design is killing the Web.
    You are just trying to pull a Calacanis but even an anti-SEO site like Digg doesn’t want it. In case you really hate SEO why are you practicing it yourself? Use a meta noindex tag to get you off Google.

  • http://twitter.com/onreact_com Tad Chef

    True Chris, Google is even offering SEO advice itself these days. The author of this piece should try the SEO starter guide to understand SEO in the first place before denouncing it:
    http://www.google.com/webmasters/docs/search-engine-optimization-starter-guide.pdf

  • http://twitter.com/SeoLair Seo Lair

    What is this article? There are links in it with keyword anchor text that point to other web pages! Does that mean this article is SEO junk that’s cluttering the web?!?!?!

  • http://bobfirestone.us/ BobFirestone

    SEO is killing lazy search. The big shift is people have to think about what they really want and ask better questions.
    If you want to buy a new TV searching for “tv” is going to return results that are not relevant. Searching for “led tv reviews” is going to bring better results. Searching for “samsung led tv reviews” is going to return more specific results.

  • divmax

    Anyone saying that Google cannot stay ahead of the game is, I think, not thinking forward enough.

    Google Prediction API
    http://code.google.com/intl/en/apis/predict/

    Built on top of Google BigQuery

    What happens when they unleash their machine-learning cloud onto their own search data and combine that with data from (anonymous) surfing habits gathered from AdWords and Analytics and Google Toolbars located globally?

    A program that learns the “spammers and gamers” habits should in fact be able to neutralize their efforts. And then the Google engineers can concentrate on making it smarter and better able to predict, instead of wasting time trying to beat the growing odds. This isn’t sci-fi, its here, now.

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  • http://www.creativeink.co.za fbrill

    I agree that SEO must be relevant before it can count towards anything!

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  • NathanBlows

    Cool. An idiot I am then :) I don’t apologise for that either. Now where’s my dunce hat gone?

  • Anonymous

    That’s really nice article and I agree with you. Today the role of SEO is very important in Internet business. As search engines find new algos everyday and SEO guys come with the solution of beating them and in simple words we can say fooling search engines and get their desired rankings.
    Joomla Developer

  • http://www.quirk.biz Liam Gibbs

    Hey Matthew. Don’t agree. Google is matching the demand for content with supply. Google’s team in the anti-spam arms race is good, and well funded. They’re making spammy SEO practices very difficult to get sustainable value from. This forces SEO to encourage businesses to add value online to get maximum benefit from search traffic. You imply that Google used to bring us quality results but is now compromised. I recall the results being far more full of SEO spam back then. There’s a difference between a brand having something to say, and optimising that for search, and a brand having nothing to say and just putting up some junk for search engines only.

  • http://www.matthewbuckland.com/ Matthew Buckland

    Sorry it has taken me so long to reply.

    You’ll find that those who prefer an intellectual approach (and who I believe are genuinely searching for understanding and knowledge) respond to my piece with arguments and their own positions. I don’t really understand some of the less erudite responses or those who respond while admitting not actually reading the article. It’s difficult to respond to these, as they are not particularly intellectual approaches.

    This is certainly not baiting as some comments imply. I really don’t have the time to write articles that bait. This is an argued position on the nature of web and the practice of gaming Google and how I believe it may be affecting the quality of the web (which, for most people, are Google search results).

    Google most definitely saved the web. The web was a very small place for many before Google arrived. I’m not saying SEO on a practical level is bad. I’m stating that the general practice of SEO is artificially inflating site rankings. I’m arguing too that content has become a means to an end on the web, because it is often seen merely “as SEO” rather than information.

    I think this is problematic — and a real threat to the web. It’s why I think people are finding refuge in closed platforms (Apple, facebook).

  • http://www.matthewbuckland.com/ Matthew Buckland

    Sorry it has taken me so long to reply.

    You'll find that those who prefer an intellectual approach (and who I believe are genuinely searching for understanding and knowledge) respond to my piece with arguments and their own positions. I don't really understand some of the less erudite (and some quite emotional) responses or those who respond while admitting not actually reading the article. It's difficult to respond to these, as they are not particularly intellectual approaches.

    This is certainly not baiting as some comments imply. I really don't have the time to write articles that bait. This is an argued position on the nature of web and the practice of gaming Google and how I believe it may be affecting the quality of the web (which, for most people, are Google search results).

    Google most definitely saved the web. The web was a very small place for many before Google arrived. I'm not saying SEO on a practical level is bad. I'm stating that the general practice of SEO is artificially inflating site rankings. I'm arguing too that content has become a means to an end on the web, because it is often seen merely “as SEO” rather than information.

    I'm arguing that SEO should be 20%, and quality and relevance of service 80% of a site's reason to be in Google. I'm not so sure this (rough) ratio is holding.

    I think this is problematic — and a real threat to the web. It's why I think people are finding refuge in closed platforms (Apple, facebook).

  • http://www.matthewbuckland.com/ Matthew Buckland

    Sorry it has taken me so long to reply.

    You'll find that those who prefer an intellectual approach (and who I believe are genuinely searching for understanding and knowledge) respond to my piece with arguments and their own positions. I don't really understand some of the less erudite (and some quite emotional) responses or those who respond while admitting not actually reading the article. It's difficult to respond to these, as they are not particularly intellectual approaches.

    This is certainly not baiting as some comments imply. I really don't have the time to write articles that bait. This is an argued position on the nature of web and the practice of gaming Google and how I believe it may be affecting the quality of the web (which, for most people, are Google search results).

    Google most definitely saved the web. The web was a very small place for many before Google arrived. I'm not saying SEO on a practical level is bad. I'm stating that the general practice of SEO is artificially inflating site rankings. I'm arguing too that content has become a means to an end on the web, because it is often seen merely “as SEO” rather than information.

    I'm arguing that SEO should be 20%, and quality and relevance of service 80% of a site's reason to be in Google. I'm not so sure this (rough) ratio is holding.

    I think this is problematic — and a real threat to the web. It's why I think people are finding refuge in closed platforms (Apple, facebook).

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  • http://www.2stroke.co.za SEO

    Wow – plenty heated debate. Although he disclaims this, I think Matthew is a purist who’s agrieved that unqualified hacks are now peeing on his patch. SEO is going to happen. It’s going to be impossible to regulate. Let’s rather have some confidence in the consumer – most people can differenetiate between a good business pitch and snake oil. Pooor content might get a Google listing, but it won’t drive sales.

  • http://twitter.com/d0dja Roger Hislop

    SEO is killing Google. Not everywhere, not all the time, but where it is it’s painfully obvious.

    Someone said the diffs in results between these two search phrases are profound:
    “Which TV should I buy?” Vs. “What are the Specs of XYZ TV?”

    Someone else said: “SEO is killing lazy search.”

    They’re both wrong. Try do searches on product specifications or features, or look for genuine reviews of consumer stuff — you will get page after page after page after page after page after page of useless, mostly machine-generated rubbish. Endless semi-auto-generated CNET and Newegg and Dealtime and infinitely even more useless aggregator sites.

    Try searching for help with a technical issue relating to Windows, and you’ll get page after page after page after page after page of machine-generated crap trying to flog you useless “tune up” software or other shite.

    And Google doesn’t even remember that well — I was looking for a research report I (personally) pushed out into media a few years ago. We got loads of exposure in major mainstream media sites and online research archives (I know, because I compiled the results report). It’s gone. Vanished. Like it was never there (and I was doing searches on unique phrases from the report).

    Google really is drowning in a sea of machine-generated, SEO-baiting rubbish, and it’s getting harder every day to find anything useful.

    There’s a quote (can’t find the original) something along the lines of “Google used to design its algorithm to work well with the Web, now we have to develop the Web to work well with Google”.

    And unfortunately many (most?) of the people designing the Web to work well with Google are black hat, uncaring, clumsy or otherwise damaging to getting value out of the Interwebs.

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  • Shaune

    I really think you missed the boat here. SEO marketers market brands, and sites that rank focus on the consumer, thus google rewards them with ranking. The days of black hat are over, however black hat marketing has existed in all marketing forms. SEO is marketing, search marketing. If you fully understood SEO you would know that this article does not make sense. Next you gonna tell me flashy websites is the future?no content is, and whether it’s crapy or not, humans want to read insightyful content, and so do search engines.

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