It’s a week-day evening in South Africa and I’m tapping away at my keyboard for an article due the next day. Suddenly, I get a notification on my phone warning me that load shedding level one is about to start, again. I’m going to have to cut my research short and settle for the next, not-so-tempting early morning instead.
A few days later, serial entrepreneur and futurist Elon Musk announces Tesla’s Powerwall — a battery that might just be the key thing the world’s been looking for to cut down on carbon emissions and making sustainable energy, well, more sustainable.
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“Hooray! Eskom’s energy woes can now finally be settled,” I optimistically think to myself. But am I being realistic here? How real should Tesla’s “world-changing” technologies be for developing markets like Africa?
First, let’s take a look at the problem Tesla’s trying to solve. According to recent figures, renewable energy — like solar, turbine or hamsters on wheels — in 2014 accounted for a massive 22% of all electricity generated. We’ve definitely come a long way but conserving this energy, well that’s a different game entirely.
As neatly put by nuclear critic Arnie Gundersen in this Forbes article: “Producing our way out of the problem with renewables is half the solution. Conserving our way out is the other half.” Tesla’s providing that other half.
But apart from undercutting its competitors’ prices (check out China’s BYD or Europe’s Sungevity and Sonnenbatterie), the US conglomerate is in it for the big game. This is Elon Musk we’re talking about after all; if the South African-born is not trying to solve the world’s energy crises with electric cars and home batteries, he’s building rockets to go mine on Mars and satellites to beam super fast internet to the world.
Read more: Elon Musk vs Richard Branson: will the geek or maverick win the battle to privatise space?
During his keynote, Musk stressed that Tesla Energy would be a great solution for people living in remote parts of the world where electricity is extremely intermittent, or extremely expensive:
You can take the Tesla Powerwall and it can scale globally. In fact, what we’ll see is something very similar to what happened with cellphones versus landlines where cellphones actually leapfrogged landline and there wan’t a need to put landlines in a lot of countries or in remote locations. I think it’s going to be incredibly helpful to people who don’t have electricity today.
Tesla says that the world grinds through 20 trillion kWh of energy annually. It will take about 2-billion of Tesla’s Powerpacks to transition all of the world’s transport, electricity and heating to renewable. According to stats from the World Bank, US per capita energy consumption is nearly three times more than the average South African’s.
Then there’s the other side of the argument that settles for nothing less than a cold, wet slap in the face. In a recent Forbes article, the author sat down and did the math behind Tesla’s new innovation. He titles it just another toy for rich green people and came to the following conclusion:
Unless your solar-powered home is entirely disconnected from the grid, or your solar system is big enough to provide for all your electricity needs, an expensive battery backup system like Powerwall does not make economic sense.
Shouldn’t getting off the grid be the ultimate goal?
Brighter Africa regardless?
As much as Africa is criticised for its underdeveloped infrastructure, its ability to skip traditional stages (or leapfrog) is a shining example of how to overcome certain inefficiencies. As much the term leapfrog has become a buzzword, it’s impact is quite significant. And many believe it’s not limited to mobile communications.
In a brilliant article by Steven Sinofsky who’s board partner at the US VC firm, Andreessen Horowitz, the author likens the impact of sub-Saharan Africa’s present mobile communications to that of solar power’s potential:
Could it be that solar power, potentially combined with large-scale batteries, will be the “grid” in developing markets, perhaps at least in the near future? I think so. At the very least, solar will prove enormously useful and beneficial and require effectively zero-dollar investments in infrastructure to dramatically improve lives. Solar combined with small-scale appliances, starting with mobile phones, provides an enormous increase in standard of living.
Echoing Musk, Sinofsky further predicts that innovations in solar panels, battery storage and their inevitable cost decrease would reach developing markets, enabling on-demand power for homes and businesses. In developed markets, energy solutions such as solar might help homes cut down on long-term costs and be used as backup. But in developing markets, it might just be transformative — improving security, education, business and access to other essential services.
In February 2014, Kenyan prepaid solar initiative M-Kopa raised US$20-million on a mission to reach 1 million homes in East Africa that are off the electricity grid. M-KOPA, which operates across East Africa, announced recently that it’s connected over 20 000 off grid homes in Uganda with affordable solar power. The fast expanding company today provides solar power to over 150 000 Kenyan homes.
Echoing what was previously mentioned, “In many markets around the world, solar is seen as something of a luxury. But in Uganda solar is giving people an essential foot on the energy ladder and helping them save money,” Jason Mooore, a co-founder of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation-backed startup said.
The news of M-KOPA’s investment was soon followed by US$7-million and then US$16-million that went to its Tanzanian competitor called Off Grid Electric. The latter vote of confidence was lead by SolarCity — an American alternative energy provider which is co-founded by Lyndon Rive, a cousin of Musk’s who’s also on the company’s board.
This transformation is already happening, and confidence in this arena seems to be growing even more.
Whether Africa’s energy woes could be solved with something like Tesla or M-KOPA remain to be seen. All I can say is that if I had one of those batteries mounted in my flat, I probably would’ve had this article up one day earlier.
